The pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans are the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine (hormone-producing) cells, discovered in 1869 by German pathological anatomist Paul Langerhans. The pancreatic islets constitute 1 to 2% of the pancreas volume and receive 10–15% of its blood flow. The pancreatic islets are arranged in density routes throughout the human pancreas, and are important in the metabolism of glucose.Morphological and therapeutic intervention studies have uncovered an inflammatory process in islets of patients with Type 2 diabetes characterized by the presence of cytokines, immune cells.Type 1 diabetes currently affects 15,000 patients in Switzerland with a rising incidence worldwide. Pancreas or islet of Langerhans transplantation are alternatives to intensive insulin treatment.Synthesised, stored and released by the α-cells of the islets of Langerhans, glucagon plays a key role in the main metabolic disturbances of diabetes that are .
Insulin-positive signal was used as a marker of islets of Langerhans. Sections were stained with the following antibodies: anti-Bid (A); anti-Bad (C); anti-Bik (E); and anti–Bcl-xl (G). The same sections were double stained with anti-insulin antibodies to identify islets of Langerhans (B, D, F, and H). Note the robust expression of Bid and Bad in islets, and expression of Bik and Bcl-xl in both endocrine and exocrine cells (original magnification 150×).In the Netherlands alone about 150,000 people suffer from type 1 diabetes. Due to an immune disease the islets of Langerhans -- clusters of pancreatic cells- function poorly and the production.By means of collagenase digestion and the Ficoll gradient separation technique, viable islets of Langerhans could be isolated from dog pancreata.Diabetes Today, the transplantation of isolated islets of Langerhans is a cell .
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